33^rd International Congress on Prevention of Diabetes and Complications October 31-01, 2022 London, UK

Biography:

Adeleh Khodabakhshi,  was born in Iran. She  received her Ph.D degrees in nutrition from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2019.

She is currently working at the nutrition department, Kerman University of Medical Sciences as an assistant professor.  Her research interests include nutrition and cancer. She published 26articles, in clinical nutrition journal with impact factor 7 , European Journal of Clinical Nutrition IF= 4, nutrition journal IF= 3.3 , nutrition and cancer journal IF= 2.6.  and ets.  Accord scopus index,  Her publication h-index is 6.  She has been serving as a reviewer board member of several reputed journals such as nutrition and cancer journal. And  was invited as a speaker to many international congresses.

Abstract:

Abstract: Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the world. The effects of Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TAMO), a small amine oxide generated by gut microbial metabolism from choline, betaine, and carnitine, on cancer are inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis summarize the effects of TAMO on incidence of cancer. A systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Data were pooled using the random-effects method and were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The pooled results of 16 studies, including 5930 participants, showed that the association between TMAO levels and incidence of cancer is insignificant (Odds Ratio: 0.97, 95% CI: (0.64, 1.46), p-value= 0.871). Subgroup analysis showed that urinary TMAO levels were negatively associated with cancer incidence; in contrast, a direct and positive association was observed between serum TMAO levels and its incidence. However, “gender” and also the “TMAO measuring method” were the potential source of heterogeneity. Meta-regression analysis did not reveal any significant association between duration of studies, age, female ratio, subjects-control, and subjects-case. The present study demonstrates that serum TAMO levels were insignificantly associated with incidence of cancer.

Biography:

Marina Shargorodsky is affiliated to the Department of Endocrinology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon.

Abstract:

Gestational weight gain (GWG) has been related to altering future weight-gain curve and increased risks of obesity later in life. Obesity may contribute to vascular atherosclerotic changes as well as excess of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality observed in these patients. Noninvasive arterial testing such as ultrasonographic measurement of carotid IMT is considered a surrogate for systemic atherosclerotic disease burden and is predictive of cardiovascular events in asymptomatic individuals as well as recurrent events in patients with known cardiovascular disease. Currently, there is no consistent evidence regarding vascular impact of excessive GWG.

The present study was designed to investigate the impact of GWG on early atherosclerotic changes during late pregnancy, using intima media thickness, as well as placental vascular circulation and inflammatory lesions and pregnancy outcome. 

The study group consisted of 59 pregnant women who gave birth and underwent a placental histopathological examination at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Israel during 2019.

According to the IOM guidelines the study group has been divided into two groups: Group 1 included 32 women with pregnancy weight gain within recommended range; Group 2 included 27 women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy. 

The IMT was measured from non-diseased intimal and medial wall layers of the carotid artery on both sides, visualized by high-resolution 7.5 MHz ultrasound (Apogee CX Color, ATL).

Placental histology subdivided placental findings to lesions consistent with maternal vascular and fetal vascular malperfusion according to the criteria of the Society for Pediatric Pathology, subdividing placental findings to lesions consistent with maternal vascular and fetal vascular malperfusion, as well as inflammatory response of maternal and fetal origin.

Results: IMT levels differed between groups and was significantly higher in group 1 compared to Group 2 (0.7+/-0.1 vs 0.6+/-0/1, p=0.028).

Multiple linear regression analysis of IMT included variables based on their associations in univariate analyses with a backward approach. Included in the model were pre-gestational BMI, HDL cholesterol and fasting glucose. The model was significant (p=0.001), and correctly classified 64.7% of study patients. In this model, pre-pregnancy BMI remained a significant independent predictor of subclinical atherosclerosis assessed by IMT (OR 4.314, 95% CI 0.0599-0.674, p=0.044). Among placental lesions related to fetal vascular malperfusion, villous changes consistent with fetal thrombo-occlusive disease (FTOD) were significantly higher in Group 1 than in group 2, p=0.034).

In the present study, excessive weight gain during pregnancy was associated with an increased IMT in late pregnancy and emerged as a significant predictor of subclinical atherosclerosis. Among neonatal complications, rate of macrosomia was significantly higher in women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy compared with pregnant women with weight gain within recommended range.  Weight gain during pregnancy was associated with higher rate of placental villous changes consistent with fetal thrombo-occlusive disease (FTOD).    

In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that excessive weight gain during pregnancy is associated with an adverse effect on early stages of subclinical atherosclerosis, placental vascular circulation and neonatal complications.  The precise mechanism for these vascular changes, as well as the overall clinical impact of weight control during pregnancy on IMT, placental vascular circulation as well as pregnancy outcomes, deserves further investigation.

Biography:

Mariam Bashir is affiliated to the Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.

Abstract:

The laceration wounds treatment using some exceptional materials as wound dressing has always been focused by the researchers since human history. A large number (>90%) of cut and burn wound cases happened in developing countries due to lack of legislation and safety standards for fire events at work places. The treatment regimens involve highly complex and sequential events of wound healing. Chitosan, a well-known biomedical material having higher biodegradability, being used as drug carrier and being used in wound dressings since long. Herein, we assumed to extract the chitosan from the house cockroaches and from exoskeletons of shrimps. We have been collected the house cockroaches and processed to convert the chitinous material into chitosan using standard methods. Chitosan has been reported wonderful material for tissue regeneration, hence attained much attention recently. Chia seed gel has been well described as a rich source of peptides, carbohydrates, and omega fatty acids, hence all these are a good source for enhancing the wound healing process for diabetes as well as burnt wounds. This led us to idealize for preparing artificial membranes by complexing the chitosan with chia seed gel to a membrane having potential for healing the wounds. The biomaterial shall be characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD). An antimicrobial study has already been done for this prepared material which showed exceptional activities against various pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. The prepared membranes shall be of low cost, and comparable to any international standard products.

Keywords: Chia seed gel, Chitosan, Laceration wounds, SEM, FTIR, XRD analysis.

Biography:

Dr Uchenna C Ugwu is a public health educator by profession, a passionate educator and renowned researcher with special interest in community health, education and sports sciences. He believes in the power of education, sensitization, empowerment, teaching and program development as reliable tool to improve the quality of lives of the populace. As an experienced health educator, his goal centres on contributing the best quota to the professional healthcare development especially in developing regions of the world.

Abstract:

Background: Pregnancy is often presented with multiple preventable complications including diabetes mellitus. During antenatal visits, pregnant women are clinically checked by healthcare professionals for easy identification of cases, diagnosis and subsequent treatment of diseases as well as referral services. However, researches have shown that well-planned educational interventions have proven to be significantly effective in preventing pregnancy-related complications such as gestational diabetes, among others.

Objective: This study determined the significant effect of gestational diabetes education intervention (GDEI) on diabetes mellitus prevention (DMP) among antenatal-based Nigerian women as well as significant differences within groups.

Methods: An experimental research design of pre-post test measures involving experimental (n=220) and control (n=220) groups was adopted. The recruitment of 440 study participants was done from public healthcare facilities between February and April, 2022. Only the participants in experimental group received the interventional manual. Data collection in both groups was completed using diabetes mellitus prevention questionnaire (DMPQ) with 0.849 reliability index. Using IBM SPSS-22, all statistical analysis was completed.

Results: The GDEI had significant effect on diabetes mellitus prevention among antenatal-based Nigerian women (p<0.05). Statistically, significant difference existed on variables of alcohol intake, parity status, and education (p<0.05), while no difference was recorded on maternal age (p>0.05). Also, significant difference was indicated on the treatment and control groups on pretest measures (p<0.05), while none existed on the groups on posttest scores (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Antenatal-based Nigerian women are vulnerable to gestational diabetes mellitus and thus, require well-planned educational intervention for a effective prevention and management. The GDEI recorded significant effect on diabetes mellitus prevention among the participants. Recommendation: In addition to clinical services, other approaches such as reliable educational interventions should be adopted by healthcare professionals in attending to antenatal-based women for diabetes mellitus prevention.

Recent Publications

1. Arash S, Fereshteh ZA, Behzad M, Firoozeh M (2018) Effectiveness of educational intervention based on psychological factors on achieving health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 10:67.
2. Elizabeth AP, Dunlei C, Bijal AB, Kerem S, Darla EK, Dan C (2013) Community diabetes education (CoDE) for uninsured Mexican Americans: a randomized controlled trial of a culturally tailored diabetes education and management program led by a community health worker. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 100:19-28.
3. Guilherme FM, Júlia AN, Caio ER, Micheline M, Jane D (2017) Diabetes education program with emphasis on physical exercise in subjects with type 2 diabetes: A community-based quasi-experimental study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 57:850-858.
4. Patricia ZM, Maria VS, Amie H, Susan S, Shirley XF, Philippe RG, Christopher W, Laura W, Pamela G, Pam G, Molly H (2019) Diabetes self-management education and medical nutrition therapy: A multisite study documenting the efficacy of registered dietitian nutritionist interventions in the management of glycemic control and diabetic dyslipidemia through retrospective chart review. J Acad Nutr Diet 119:449-463.
5. Osama AR, Haleama A, Mustafa ZY, AdnanKisa JaiParkash (2016) Diabetes education program for people with type 2 diabetes: An international perspective. Evaluation and Program Planning 56:64-68.